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Table 1 Summary of heart rate and activity data recorded over a 12 month period in wild black bears.

From: Monitoring the wild black bear's reaction to human and environmental stressors

Animal ID

Sex

Implant Date (Den Visits)

Denning Situation

Heart Beats per Year#

Minimum Average Daily HR

Maximum Average Daily HR

Daytime HR Higher

(p-value)

Minimum Average Nighttime HR

Maximum Average Nighttime HR

Nighttime HR Higher

(p-value)

Annual Activity

Minimum Daily Activity

Maximum Daily Activity

Duration of Winter Inactivity@

Longest Sinus Pause Confirmed by ECG

Maximum HR Confirmed by ECG

Bear 1

(R2079)

F

9-Mar-09

(17-Dec-09, 04-Mar-10)

Denning with cubs 2008-9, and yearling in 2009-2010

27.5 Ɨ 106

8 bpm

(27-Dec)

120 bpm

(14-May)

Feb (0.0099)

Mar (0.023)

Apr-May (< 0.0001)

June (0.0058)

July-Sep (< 0.0001)

11 bpm

(6X: 02-Dec to 11-Feb)

139 bpm

(15-May)

Oct (0.015)

139,384 min

0 min

(5X: 17-Dec-09 to 3-Feb-10)

1084 min

(2-Sep-09)

148 days

6.1 sec

(04-Mar)

214 bpm

(31-Oct)

Bear 2

(R2081)

F

9-Mar-09

(17-Dec-09, 04-Mar-10)

Denning with yearlings 2008-9, and birthing cubs in 2009-2010

23.5 Ɨ 106

14 bpm

(08-Nov, 11-Nov)

94 bpm

(8-Sep, 9-Sep)

Feb (0.0084)

Mar (0.0079)

Apr (0.022)

May-Sep (< 0.0001)

Oct (0.041)

7 bpm

(15-Nov)

87 bpm

(19-Sep-09, 24-Sep-09)

Ā 

106,320 min

0 min

(4X: 13-Jan-10 to 1-Feb-10)

880 min

(29-Jun-09)

189 days

5.3 sec

(04-Mar)

200 bpm

(18-Sep)

Bear 3

(2213)

F

8-Mar-09

(18-Dec-09, 05-Mar-10, 05-Mar-11)

Denning with cubs 2008-9, and yearlings in 2009-2010

24.9 Ɨ 106

11 bpm

(27-Nov)

114 bpm

(07-Aug)

Apr (0.036)

May (0.0007)

June-July (< 0.0001)

Aug (0.01)

11 bpm

(26-Nov, 27-Nov, 8-Dec)

124 bpm

(3-Sep-09)

Ā 

108,900 min

0 min

(34X: 26-Oct to 26-Feb)

1046 min

(6-Aug-09)

195 days

14.4 sec

(18-Dec)

182 bpm

(7-Oct)

Bear 3

(2213)

Year 2

F

8-Mar-09

(18-Dec-09, 05-Mar-10, 05-Mar-11)

Denning with yearlings 2009-2010 and birthing cubs in 2010-2011

25.9 Ɨ 106

12 bpm

(26-Oct)

109 bpm

(26-Jun)

Apr (0.099)

May (0.0005)

Jun-July (< 0.0001)

7 bpm

(7-Nov)

126 bpm

(3-Sep)

Sep (0.0043)

101,437 min

0 min

(5X: 7-Jan to 13 Jan)

1051 min

(26-Jun)

194 days

N/A$

N/A$

Bear 4

(4041)

M

2-Mar-09

(22-Dec-09, 07-Mar-10)

Denning alone

23.4 Ɨ 106

12 bpm

(4X: 20-22-Dec, 16-Feb)

105 bpm

(19-Aug)

May (0.030)

June (0.0002)

July (0.019)

12 bpm

(13X: 24-Nov to 16-Feb)

113 bpm

(22-Aug)

Sep (< 0.0001)

Oct (0.0051)

31,346 min%

20 min%

(1-Apr)

1028 min%

(8-Jun)

N/A%

10.1 sec

(07-Mar)

182 bpm

(15-Oct)

Bear 5&

(2123)

M

1-Mar-10

Denning in rescue facility. Released 7-May.

N/A

35 bpm&

(19-Mar)

144 bpm&

(29-Apr)

Mar (0.0042)

May (0.0075)

June-Aug (< 0.0001)

Sep (0.0029)

32 bpm&

(11-Mar)

150 bpm&

(6-May)

Ā 

N/A

4 min&

(11-Mar)

1030 min&

(19-Aug)

N/A&

N/A$

251 bpm

(2-Sep)

Bear 6&

(2802)

F

7-Mar-10

Yearling that denned with mother

N/A

35 bpm&

(10-Mar)

135 bpm&

(9-Jul)

Mar (0.036)

Apr (0.0003)

May-Aug (< 0.0001)

32 bpm&

(10-Mar, 11-Mar)

121 bpm&

(21-Aug)

Ā 

N/A

8 min&

(7-Mar)

973 min&

(23-Aug)

N/A&

N/A$

N/A$

Bear 7

(4055)

M

9-Mar-10 (22-Dec-10)

Denning alone

N/A

16 bpm

(3X: 11-Dec, 16-Dec, 20-Dec)

128 bpm

(21-May)

Mar (< 0.0001)

Nov (< 0.0001)

Dec (0.020)

15 bpm

(8X: 19-Nov to 21-Dec)

119 bpm

(23-Dec)

May (0.0002)

July (0.047)

Aug-Sep (< 0.0001)

100,512 min*

0 min*

(10-Dec)

1034 min*

(9-Jun)

176 days

N/A$

N/A$

Bear 8

(4021)

F

9-Mar-10 (09-Mar-11)

Denning with cubs in 2009-2010 and yearlings in 2010-2011

25.3 Ɨ 106

15 bpm

(21-Nov, 5-Dec)

101 bpm

(19-Jul)

Mar (0.020)

Apr-July (< 0.0001)

Aug (0.0021)

15 bpm

(14-Feb, 6-Mar)

97 bpm

(1-Sep)

Sep (< 0.0001)

112,351 min

0 min

(51X: 14-Nov to 7-Mar)

980 min (19-Jul)

157 days

N/A$

N/A$

  1. % Incomplete data set for activity (4-Mar to 9-Jun)
  2. * Data set is less than 12 months (9-Mar to 22-Dec)
  3. # Calculated by extrapolating daytime and nighttime heart rates to a 24 hour period.
  4. & Legally shot by hunters in the fall. Incomplete annual data for this parameter.
  5. $ No ECG available to confirm this parameter.
  6. @ The duration of winter inactivity was defined as starting when the activity dropped to below 60 minutes/day in the fall until it consistently exceeded 180 minutes/day in the spring.
  7. (min = minutes; bpm = beats per minute; HR = heart rate; 6X = 6 occurrences of this data value; N/A = not applicable to this parameter)