Figure 12

Kinetics of voltage gated Na⁺channels recorded in bladder DRG neurons. A: The protocol (top panel) of steady-state activation and raw traces (bottom panel) of total Na⁺ current. The steady-state activation of VGSC was assessed by using a three-pulse protocol with a negative pre-pulse to -110 mV and a series of short pulses of 10 ms duration from -110 mV to +70 mV to activate Na+ currents. B: Voltage dependence of steady-state activation in bladder neurons from control and VEGF treated animals. Please note a leftward shift in the group with VEGF instillations suggestive of channel opening at more negative potentials. C: The protocol of steady-state inactivation (top panel) and raw traces of the recorded Na⁺ current (bottom panel). The amplitude of steady-state inactivation was measured at 0 mV after 150 ms depolarizing pulses ranging from -100 mV to 70 mV. D: Voltage dependence of steady-state inactivation of Na⁺ channels in lumbosacral bladder DRG neurons was not different in the control group and VEGF-treated mice.