Figure 1

VGF-deficient mice on a C57Bl6 background are hypermetabolic, with normal food intake and locomotor activity. Metabolic cage analysis revealed that Vgf _R -/- mice have significantly increased O₂ (V0₂, panel A) and CO₂ (VCO₂, panel B) consumption (two-tailed t-test; p ≤ 0.05), while respiratory quotient (panel C), food intake (panels D and E) and locomotor activity (panel F) were similar to wild type littermates (n = 7-8 mice of each genotype). Alternating white and grey shaded regions in panels E-F represent light rest and dark active periods, respectively.