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  1. Upon return from space many astronauts experience symptoms of orthostatic intolerance. Research has implicated altered autonomic cardiovascular regulation due to spaceflight with further evidence to suggest th...

    Authors: Andrew P Blaber, Roberta L Bondar and Mahmood S Kassam
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2004 4:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) regulates serum calcium by suppressing secretion of parathyroid hormone; it also regulates renal tubular calcium excretion. Inactivating mutations of CaSR raise serum calciu...

    Authors: Neva J Fudge and Christopher S Kovacs
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2004 4:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. In the isolated liver of fed rats, a 10 mM ethanol perfusion rapidly induced a rapid 25% decrease in the total ATP content, the new steady state resulting from both synthesis and consumption. The in situ rate of ...

    Authors: Marie-Christine Beauvieux, Patrice Couzigou, Henri Gin, Paul Canioni and Jean-Louis Gallis
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2004 4:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Physical inactivity increases the risk of atherosclerosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of this relation are poorly understood. A recent report indicates that endostatin, an endogenous angiostatic factor,...

    Authors: Jian-Wei Gu, Giovani Gadonski, Julie Wang, Ian Makey and Thomas H Adair
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2004 4:2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. During infections, polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes (PMN) are mobilized from their bone marrow stores, travel with blood to the affected tissue, and kill invading microbes there. The signal(s) from ...

    Authors: Bjørn Audun Risøy, Truls Raastad, Jostein Hallén, Knut T Lappegård, Kjersti Bæverfjord, Astrid Kravdal, Else Marie Siebke and Haakon B Benestad
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2003 3:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. β-blocker treatmenthas emerged as an effective treatment modality for heart failure.Interestingly, β-blockers can activate both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptoticpathways. Nevertheless, the mechanism for improve...

    Authors: Chukwuka C Okafor, Cynthia Perreault-Micale, Roger J Hajjar, Djamel Lebeche, Klara Skiroman, George Jabbour, Angelia A Doye, Michael X Lee, Nancy Laste and Judith K Gwathmey
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2003 3:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Fasting and diabetes are characterized by elevated glucocorticoids and reduced insulin, leptin, elevated hypothalamic AGRP and NPY mRNA, and reduced hypothalamic POMC mRNA. Although leptin replacement can reve...

    Authors: Hideo Makimura, Tooru M Mizuno, Fumiko Isoda, Joe Beasley, Jeffrey H Silverstein and Charles V Mobbs
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2003 3:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Elevated glucocorticoid production and reduced hypothalamic POMC mRNA can cause obese phenotypes. Conversely, adrenalectomy can reverse obese phenotypes caused by the absence of leptin, a model in which glucoc...

    Authors: Hideo Makimura, Tooru M Mizuno, Joe Beasley, Jeffrey H Silverstein and Charles V Mobbs
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2003 3:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The prenatal condition offers a unique possibility of examining physiological interaction between individuals. Goal of this work was to look for evidence of coordination between fetal and maternal cardiac syst...

    Authors: Peter Van Leeuwen, Daniel Geue, Silke Lange, Dirk Cysarz, Henrik Bettermann and Dietrich HW Grönemeyer
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2003 3:2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. This study investigates bradykinin and nitric oxide as potential mediators of AT2-receptor-stimulated duodenal mucosal alkaline secretion. Duodenal mucosal alkaline secretion was measured in methohexital- and ...

    Authors: Sara Ewert, Berndt Johansson, Mathias Holm, Herbert F Helander and Lars Fandriks
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2003 3:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The objective was to evaluate and to compare two completely different detection algorithms of intermittent (short-term) cardiorespiratory coordination during night sleep. The first method is based on a combina...

    Authors: Henrik Bettermann, Dirk Cysarz and Peter Van Leeuwen
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2002 2:18
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  23. Mesenteric arteries and veins are composed of tonic smooth muscles and serve distinct functions in the peripheral circulation. However, the basis for the functional disparity of the resistive and capacitative ...

    Authors: Ilia A Yamboliev, Sean M Ward and Violeta N Mutafova-Yambolieva
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2002 2:17
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Intercostal muscles are richly innervated by mechanoreceptors. In vivo studies of cat intercostal muscle have shown that there are 3 populations of intercostal muscle mechanoreceptors: primary muscle spindles (1°...

    Authors: Gregory A Holt, Richard D Johnson and Paul W Davenport
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2002 2:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Reproductive systems of male moths contain circadian clocks, which time the release of sperm bundles from the testis to the upper vas deferens (UVD) and their subsequent transfer from the UVD to the seminal ve...

    Authors: P Bebas, E Maksimiuk, B Gvakharia, B Cymborowski and JM Giebultowicz
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2002 2:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The intrarenal natriuretic hormone dopamine (DA) is metabolised by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO). Inhibition of COMT, as opposed to MAO, results in a potent natriuretic respon...

    Authors: Cecilia Odlind, Ilkka Reenilä, Pekka T Männistö, Risto Juvonen, Staffan Uhlén, Joseph A Gogos, Maria Karayiorgou and Peter Hansell
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2002 2:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Thyroid hormones are well known modulators of signal transduction. The effect of hyper- and hypo-thyroidism on diacylglycerol/protein kinase C (DAG/PKC) signaling in cardiomiocytes has been determined. Triiodo...

    Authors: Oksana A Krasilnikova, Nataliya S Kavok and Nataliya A Babenko
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2002 2:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. These studies investigate the role of mitoKATP channels, protein kinase C (PKC) and Mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) on the cardioprotection of ischemic (IP) and pharmacological preconditioning (PP) of ...

    Authors: Mahmoud Loubani and Manuel Galiñanes
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2002 2:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The cockroach salivary gland consists of secretory acini with peripheral ion-transporting cells and central protein-producing cells, an extensive duct system, and a pair of reservoirs. Salivation is controled ...

    Authors: Otto Baumann, Petra Dames, Dana Kühnel and Bernd Walz
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2002 2:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA levels increase in rat skeletal muscle after a single bout of acute exercise. We assessed regional differences in VEGF165 mRNA levels in rat gastrocnemius muscle usi...

    Authors: Tom D Brutsaert, Timothy P Gavin, Zhenxing Fu, Ellen C Breen, Kechun Tang, Odile Mathieu-Costello and Peter D Wagner
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2002 2:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Previous work by our group and others has implicated a role for kinins in the ovulatory process. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate whether endogenous progesterone, which is an intraovarian regu...

    Authors: Darrell W Brann, Lowell M Greenbaum, Virendra B Mahesh and XiaoXing Gao
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2002 2:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. With the invention of the ion-selective electrode (ISE), ionic magnesium (iMg) is a common blood assay. This could be advantageous, as iMg is the biologically active form of Mg. There is some evidence that iMg...

    Authors: Ian J Newhouse, Kris P Johnson, William J Montelpare and Jim E McAuliffe
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2002 2:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Proteorhodopsin (pR) is a light-activated proton pump homologous to bacteriorhodopsin and recently discovered in oceanic γ-proteobacteria. One perplexing difference between these two proteins is the absence in...

    Authors: Richard A Krebs, Ulrike Alexiev, Ranga Partha, Anne Marie DeVita and Mark S Braiman
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2002 2:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) channels are constitutively active water channels that allow rapid transmembrane osmotic water flux, and also serve as cyclic-GMP-gated ion channels. Tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA; 0.05 t...

    Authors: Andrea J Yool, Olga H Brokl, Thomas L Pannabecker, William H Dantzler and W Daniel Stamer
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2002 2:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Blood leukocytes constitute two interchangeable sub-populations, the marginated and circulating pools. These two sub-compartments are found in normal conditions and are potentially affected by non-normal situa...

    Authors: Kátia Iadocicco, Luiz Henrique Alves Monteiro and José Guilherme Chaui-Berlinck
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2002 2:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Iron deficiency (ID) results in ventricular hypertrophy, believed to involve sympathetic stimulation. We hypothesized that with ID 1) intravenous norepinephrine would alter heart rate (HR) and contractility, 2...

    Authors: Lexa Rae Turner, Daniel Aaron Premo, Brett Jason Gibbs, Megan Lesley Hearthway, Madelyne Motsko, Andrea Sappington, LeeAnn Walker, Michael Eugene Mullendore and Herbert George Chew Jr
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2002 2:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The L-type Ca2+ channel formed by the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) of skeletal muscle senses the membrane voltage and opens the ryanodine receptor (RyR1). This channel-to-channel coupling is essential for Ca2+

    Authors: Chris A Ahern, Paola Vallejo, Lindsay Mortenson and Roberto Coronado
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2001 1:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Little information is available on the circadian sequela of an immune challenge in the brain of aged rats. To assess them, we studied 24-hour rhythms in hypothalamic and striatal norepinephrine (NE) content, h...

    Authors: Pilar Cano, Daniel P Cardinali, Fernando Chacon, Patricia O Castrillón, Carlos A Reyes Toso and Ana I Esquifino
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2001 1:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. In perfused hearts, high calcium-induced inotropy results in less developed pressure relative to myocardial oxygen consumption compared to the β-adrenergic agonist dobutamine. Calcium handling is an important ...

    Authors: Guy A MacGowan, Congwu Du and Alan P Koretsky
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2001 1:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The active hormonal form of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) is the primary regulator of intestinal calcium absorption efficiency. In vitamin D deficiency, intestinal calcium absorption is low leading to an...

    Authors: Richard J Wood, Laurie Tchack and Shveta Taparia
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2001 1:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Cyclic nucleotides can relax vascular smooth muscle by mechanisms distal to myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) phosphorylation. This mechanism, termed relaxation without MRLC dephosphorylation, may be regula...

    Authors: Christopher M Rembold and Erik Zhang
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2001 1:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Dopamine was shown to stimulate the perivitelline fluid secretion by the albumen gland. Even though the albumen gland has been shown to contain catecholaminergic fibers and its innervation has been studied, th...

    Authors: Lana Kiehn, Saber Saleuddin and Angela Lange
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2001 1:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The multisubunit (α1S,α2-δ, β1a and γ1) skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) transduces membrane depolarization into release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and also acts as an L-type Ca2+

    Authors: Chris A Ahern, Patricia A Powers, Gloria H Biddlecome, Laura Roethe, Paola Vallejo, Lindsay Mortenson, Caroline Strube, Kevin P Campbell, Roberto Coronado and Ronald G Gregg
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2001 1:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. A family of aspartate-specific cysteinyl proteases, named caspases, mediates programmed cell death, apoptosis. In this function, caspases are important for physiological processes such as development and maint...

    Authors: Halina Z Malina, Christoph Richter, Martin Mehl and Otto M Hess
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2001 1:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. The rapid increase in the development of mouse models is resulting in a growing demand for non-invasive physiological monitoring of large quantities of mice. Accordingly, we developed a new system for recordin...

    Authors: Victor Chu, Jose M Otero, Orlando Lopez, James P Morgan, Ivo Amende and Thomas G Hampton
    Citation: BMC Physiology 2001 1:6
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

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