Figure 4

Effects of inspiratory loading on the diaphragm EMG response to transcranial magnetic stimulation. Effect of breathing against inspiratory linear resistive loads on the latency (top) and the amplitude (bottom) of the electromyographic responses of the diaphragm to transcranial magnetic stimulations (TMS) delivered during inspiration (left) or expiration (right). R0, R5 and R20 correspond to breathing against no resistance, against a resistance of 5 cmH₂O/L/s, and against a resistance of 20 cmH₂O/L/s, respectively. Vertical bars correspond to mean values with indication of ± 1 SD. The "*" stands for a significant difference at the 5% threshold.